Part2-Biology Chapters in Animation

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Chapter 1: An Evolutionary Framework for Biology
PART ONE The Cell
Chapter 2: Life and Chemistry: Small Molecules

• Tutorial 2.1 Chemical Bond Formation

Chapter 3: Life and Chemistry: Large Molecules

• Tutorial 3.1 (E) Synthesis of Prebiotic Molecules in an Experimental Atmosphere
• Tutorial 3.2 Macromolecules
• Tutorial 3.3 (E) Pasteur's Experiment

Chapter 4: The Basic Units of Life

• Tutorial 4.1 Eukaryotic Cell Tour
• Tutorial 4.2 The Golgi Apparatus

Chapter 5: Cellular Membranes

• Tutorial 5.1 Passive Transport
• Tutorial 5.2 Active Transport
• Tutorial 5.3 Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Chapter 6: Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

• Tutorial 6.1 Enzyme Catalysis
• Tutorial 6.2 Allosteric Regulation of Enzymes

Chapter 7: Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

• Tutorial 7.1 Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis
• Tutorial 7.2 (E) Two Experiments Demonstrate the Chemiosmotic Mechanism

Chapter 8: Photosynthesis: Energy from the Sun

• Tutorial 8.1 (E) The Source of the Oxygen Produced by Photosynthesis
• Tutorial 8.2 Photophosphorylation
• Tutorial 8.3 (E) Tracing the Pathway of CO₂

Chapter 9: Chromosomes, the Cell Cycle, and Cell Division

• Tutorial 9.1 Mitosis
• Tutorial 9.2 Meiosis

PART TWO Information and Heredity
Chapter 10: Genetics: Mendel and Beyond

• Tutorial 10.1 Independent Assortment of Alleles
• Tutorial 10.2 (E) Alleles That Do Not Sort Independently

Chapter 11: DNA and Its Role in Heredity

• Tutorial 11.1 (E) The Meselson-Stahl Experiment
• Tutorial 11.2 DNA Replication, Part 1: Replication of a Chromosome and DNA Polymerization
• Tutorial 11.3 DNA Replication, Part 2: Coordination of Leading and Lagging Strand Synthesis

Chapter 12: From DNA to Protein: Genotype to Phenotype

• Tutorial 12.1 Transcription
• Tutorial 12.2 (E) Deciphering The Genetic Code
• Tutorial 12.3 Protein Synthesis

Chapter 13: The Genetics of Viruses and Prokaryotes

• Tutorial 13.1 The lac Operon
• Tutorial 13.2 The trp Operon

Chapter 14: The Eukaryotic Genome and Its Expression

• Tutorial 14.1 RNA Splicing
• Tutorial 14.2 Initiation of Transcription

Chapter 15: Cell Signaling and Communication

• Tutorial 15.1 Signal Transduction Pathway

Chapter 16: Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology

• Tutorial 16.1 Separating Fragments of DNA by Gel Electrophoresis
• Tutorial 16.2 DNA Chip Technology

Chapter 17: Molecular Biology and Medicine

• Tutorial 17.1 (E) DNA Testing by Allele-Specific Cleavage
• Tutorial 17.2 Sequencing the Genome

Chapter 18: Natural Defenses against Disease

• Tutorial 18.1 Cells of the Immune System
• Tutorial 18.2 Pregnancy Test
• Tutorial 18.3 Cellular Immune Response
• Tutorial 18.4 Humoral Immune Response
• Tutorial 18.5 A B-Cell Builds an Antibody

PART THREE Development
Chapter 19: Differential Gene Expression in Development

• Tutorial 19.1 Embryonic Stem Cells
• Tutorial 19.2 (E) Early Asymmetry in the Embryo
• Tutorial 19.3 Pattern Formation in the Drosophila Embryo

Chapter 20: Animal Development: From Genes to Organism

• Tutorial 20.1 Gastrulation
• Tutorial 20.2 (E) Tissue Transplants Reveal the Process of Determination

Chapter 21: Development and Evolutionary Change

• Tutorial 21.1 Modularity

PART FOUR Evolutionary Processes
Chapter 22: The History of Life on Earth

• Tutorial 22.1 Evolution of the Continents

Chapter 23: The Mechanisms of Evolution

• Tutorial 23.1 Natural Selection
• Tutorial 23.2 The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
• Tutorial 23.3 (E) Assessing the Costs of Adaptations

Chapter 24: Species and Their Formation

• Tutorial 24.1 Speciation Mechanisms
• Tutorial 24.2 Founder Events Lead to Allopatric Speciation

Chapter 25: Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies
Chapter 26: Molecular and Genomic Evolution
PART FIVE The Evolution of Diversity
Chapter 27: Bacteria and Archaea: The Prokaryotic Domains

• Tutorial 27.1 The Evolution of the Three Domains

Chapter 28: Protists and the Dawn of the Eukarya

• Tutorial 28.1 (E) Food Vacuoles Handle Digestion and Excretion
• Tutorial 28.2 Family Tree of Chloroplasts

Chapter 29: Plants Without Seeds: From Sea to Land

• Tutorial 29.1 Life Cycle of a Moss

Chapter 30: The Evolution of Seed Plants

• Tutorial 30.1 Life Cycle of a Conifer

Chapter 31: Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

• Tutorial 31.1 Life Cycle of a Zygomycete

Chapter 32: Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

• Tutorial 32.1 Life Cycle of a Cnidarian

Chapter 33: Ecdysozoans: The Molting Animals
Chapter 34: Deuterostomate Animals

• Tutorial 34.1 Life Cycle of a Frog

PART SIX The Biology of Flowering Plants
Chapter 35: The Plant Body

• Tutorial 35.1 Secondary Growth: The Vascular Cambium

Chapter 36: Transport in Plants

• Tutorial 36.1 The Pressure Flow Model

Chapter 37: Plant Nutrition

• Tutorial 37.1 Nitrogen and Iron Deficiencies

Chapter 38: Regulation of Plant Growth

• Tutorial 38.1 Tropisms
• Tutorial 38.2 (E) Went's Experiment
• Tutorial 38.3 (E) Auxin Affects Cell Walls

Chapter 39: Reproduction in Flowering Plants

• Tutorial 39.1 Double Fertilization
• Tutorial 39.2 (E) The Effect of Interrupted Days and Nights

Chapter 40: Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

• Tutorial 40.1 Signaling between Plants and Pathogens

PART SEVEN The Biology of Animals
Chapter 41: Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

• Tutorial 41.1 Control, Regulation, and Feedback

Chapter 42: Animal Hormones

• Tutorial 42.1 Complete Metamorphosis
• Tutorial 42.2 Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Endocrine Axis
• Tutorial 42.3 Hormonal Regulation of Calcium

Chapter 43: Animal Reproduction

• Tutorial 43.1 Fertilization in the Sea Urchin
• Tutorial 43.2 The Ovarian and Uterine Cycles

Chapter 44: Neurons and Nervous Systems

• Tutorial 44.1 The Resting Membrane Potential
• Tutorial 44.2 The Action Potential
• Tutorial 44.3 Synaptic Transmission

Chapter 45: Sensory Systems

• Tutorial 45.1 Sound Transduction in the Human Ear
• Tutorial 45.2 (E) Information Processing in the Retina

Chapter 46: The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

• Tutorial 46.1 Information Processing in the Spinal Cord

Chapter 47: Effectors: Making Animals Move

• Tutorial 47.1 Molecular Mechanism of Muscle Contraction
• Tutorial 47.2 (E) Smooth Muscle Action

Chapter 48: Gas Exchange in Animals

• Tutorial 48.1 Airflow in Birds
• Tutorial 48.2 Airflow in Mammals

Chapter 49: Circulatory Systems

• Tutorial 49.1 The Cardiac Cycle

Chapter 50: Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

• Tutorial 50.1 The Digestion and Absorption of Fats
• Tutorial 50.2 Insulin and Glucose Regulation

Chapter 51: Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

• Tutorial 51.1 The Mammalian Kidney

Chapter 52: Animal Behavior

• Tutorial 52.1 Hormonal Control of Sexual Behavior
• Tutorial 52.2 (E) Circadian Rhythms
• Tutorial 52.3 Time-Compensated Solar Compass

PART EIGHT Ecology and Biogeography
Chapter 53: Behavioral Ecology

• Tutorial 53.1 (E) The Costs of Defending a Territory
• Tutorial 53.2 Foraging Behavior

Chapter 54: Population Ecology

• Tutorial 54.1 Exponential Growth Simulation
• Tutorial 54.2 Logistic Growth Simulation
• Tutorial 54.3 Predator-Prey Simulation
• Tutorial 54.4 Habitat Fragmentation

Chapter 55: Communities and Ecosystems

• Tutorial 55.1 Primary Succession on a Glacial Moraine

Chapter 56: Biogeography

• Tutorial 56.1 Rain Shadow
• Tutorial 56.2 Biomes
• Tutorial 56.3 Biogeography Simulation

Chapter 57: Conservation Biology

Chapter 58: Earth System Science

• Tutorial 58.1 The Global Hydrological Cycle
• Tutorial 58.2 The Global Carbon Cycle
• Tutorial 58.3 The Ocean Conveyor Belt
• Tutorial 58.4 The Global Nitrogen Cycle